pengyou;
I suspect that even older phones kept track of your approximate location using triangulation. Don't know for sure and I avoid the problem by not owning a cellphone.
I do use a laptop which, when connected to the 'net, certainly gives an approximate location to the curious.
I agree it is a tough call and the evidence shows that few people choose to not participate.
pqtb;
My choice is to forgo the "benefits" of having those apps when I'm traveling. I see many people, particularly the younger generations, who are "tethered" to their cell/smart phones. It might be a very long leash, but a leash none-the-less.
I predict severe withdrawal symptoms if the cell network goes down...